De-gender them! Gendered vs cooperative section from cleaning – cross-social evaluation regarding Polish and you may Norwegian students

Conceptual

Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, M_years = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women Vichy women, M_age = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, M_age = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, M_age = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, M_age = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, M_age = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.

Introduction

Guys all over societies are under great pressure to help you adhere to norms instance given that institution, popularity, search for large social status, and you can first of all avoidance off womanliness (Berent et al. 2015; Mahalik mais aussi al. 2003). And therefore are associated with domestic work is not said to be an effective mans jobs however, an excellent female’s work, which guys must not do (Poortman and Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and Vandello 2013). Brand new the quantity that housework was equally split up between women and you will men hinges on the amount of gender equality inside a given nation. Inside countries with higher quantities of gender equality, group carry out a whole lot more equivalent positions throughout the community and you will it is usual for men is occupied with domestic functions than in nations which have straight down gender equality (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Timber and you can Eagly 2012). While the posited by biosocial design design, cultural values regarding gender spots talk to mans findings of your facts of females and you will guys within their society, thus if the people to see feminine caring for students and you can carrying out household errands then they believe that ladies are a lot more suitable for undertaking residential work than just men (Eagly and Steffen 1984; Wood and you may Eagly 2012). These gender character inferences, subsequently, give sex-classified behavior that’s and additionally manifested in ladies’ and you may men’s room readiness and you can responsibility to be in domestic really works – medical findings invariably demonstrate that regardless of gender equivalence amounts of the nation, really household bargaining works out with feminine are alot more accountable for cleaning (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg ainsi que al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).

Discrepancy between men’s room and you will ladies express inside home chores constitutes an effective visible gender pit from the family. That it gap is particularly noticeable when work is labeled in male-authored and you may female-composed cleaning (Schneider 2012). Considering Tai and you will Treas (2013), there’s nearly common section off chores towards masculine-penned (lawn really works, slight repairs) and female-typed work (elizabeth.g. washing, cleanup, ill proper care) according to analysis away from 32 countries. The latter set of obligations consists of errands, which can be highly prevented by men (Treas and Tai 2010), because they can be thought to be go out-taking and boring, as opposed to masculine-typed opportunities instance house repairs, automobile resolve, grass really works that are sensed alot more amusement and episodic (Bianchi et al. 2006). Apart from the biosocial framework model (Timber and you may Eagly 2012), another prospective reason why guys have a tendency to abstain from doing feminine-typed affairs ‘s the concern about not being perceived as manly sufficient. Dick is made such as agency and a keen anti-femininity mandate and that discourages dudes becoming working in issues and that try feminine and you will communal such as for instance childcare and residential works (Bosson and you will Vandello 2013; Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka ainsi que al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). To avoid cleaning might be thus a proven way where men compensate for threats on the masculinity and get away from bad appraisal from other neighborhood members who anticipate men to-be macho and you will abstain from women work (Caswell mais aussi al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b). Thus, male partners don’t fill up enough show from gendered household financial obligation, which will make it feminine to-be so much more apparent in the work b).